EFL - Enciclopedia delle Famiglie Lombarde

'''Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.''' Boleslao I di Boemia il cr udele (... – 15 luglio 967 o 972) fu Duca di Boemia dal 929 (o 935 ) alla sua morte. Suo padre era Vratislao I di Boemia. Divenne Duca d i Boemia grazie all'assassinio di Venceslao I. L'omicidio avvenne dura nte un banchetto; pentito per il crimine commesso, Boleslao giurò d i educare suo figlio secondo i precetti della religione e d'iniziarl o alla carriera ecclesiastica. Sebbene sia stato ipotizzato che il fra tricidio sia stato commesso anche per le politiche di Venceslao I ch e si dimostravano molto liberali rispetto al Cristianesimo, è necessa rio sottolineare che Boleslao I non ostacolò affatto lo sviluppo de l Cristianesimo in Boemia; ad esempio, richiese al Pontefice, tramit e sua sorella Mlada, una suora, il permesso di edificare a Praga una d iocesi. Diversamente dal regno Venceslao I, sotto Boleslao I la Boemi a si oppose strenuamente al controllo imperiale, entrando in conflitt o con Ottone I del Sacro Romano Impero. Lo scontro, presumibilmente li mitato ai confini fra i possedimenti imperiali e quelli boemi, si conc luse nel 950, quando Boleslao I firmò la pace con Ottone, promettend o di pagargli i tributi. Nel 953, Boleslao I aiutò l'imperatore a con trastare l'avanzata degli slavi. Due anni più tardi, le armate german iche e ceche si allearono contro i magiari nel vittorioso scontro di L echfeld (955). Dopo quest'ultima battaglia, le armate magiare tornaron o in Boemia, da dove furono condotte nell'Alta Slesia e nella Piccol a Polonia, sottomesse al dominio boemo. Il crescente peso politico de lla Polonia indusse Boleslao I a concordare un matrimonio fra sua figl ia Dubrawka ed il Principe Mieszko I di Polonia (965). Alla sua morte , salì al trono suo figlio Boleslao il Pio. '''From Wikipedia, th e free encyclopedia''' Boleslaus I the Cruel, also called Bolesla v I (Czech: Boleslav I. Ukrutný) (ca. 915 – July 15, 967 or 972), w as the ruler (kníže, translated as "duke") of Bohemia from 935 to hi s death. His was the son of Vratislaus I and the younger brother of hi s predecessor, Saint Wenceslaus. Boleslav is notorious for the murde r of his brother Wenceslaus, through which he became duke of Bohemia . Wenceslaus was murdered during a feast; at precisely that time Boles lav's son was allegedly born. He received a strange name: Strachkvas , which meant "a dreadful feast". Being remorseful of what he had done , Boleslav promised to devote his son to religion and educate him a s a clergyman. Despite the fratricide, Boleslav is generally respecte d by Czech historians as an energetic ruler who significantly strength ened the Bohemian state and expanded its territory. Citing Wenceslas ' religious policies as the cause of Boleslav's fratricide seems unlik ely as Boleslav in no way impeded the growth of Christianity in Bohemi a, and in fact he actually sent his daughter Mlada, a nun, to the Pop e in Rome to ask permission to make Prague a bishopric. A Jewish sla ve trader being presented to Boleslas of BohemiaOne of Boleslav's majo r concerns was the tribute payed yearly to the East Frankish kings. H e stopped the payment shortly after he ascended the throne, which le d to the prolonged war with the king Otto the Great. This conflict, pr esumably consisting of border raids (the general pattern of warfare i n this region at the time), reached its conclusion in 950 when Bolesla v signed a peace with Otto. Despite undefeated, he promised to resum e the payment of the tribute. Five years later, the armies of Czechs a nd Germans allied against the Magyars in the victorious Battle of Lech feld on August 10, 955. Boleslav had also helped Otto to crush an upri sing of Slavs on the Lower Elbe in 953. After the Battle of Lech, th e rest of the huge Magyar army turned to Bohemia, where it was crushe d by Boleslav. Because of this victory, Boleslav freed Moravia from Ma gyar raids and expanded his territory to Upper Silesia and Malopolska . As a sign of the Bohemian-Polish alliance, Boleslav's daughter Dobra wa married the then still pagan Piast prince Mieszko I in 965, bringin g Christianity to Poland. Boleslav's wife may have been Biagota. He wa s succeeded by his oldest son Boleslaus the Pious. '''Sources''' Anc estral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Befor e 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Line 244-7 The Plantagenet Ancestry b y William Henry Turton, Page 85 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BOHE MIA.htm BOLESLAV of Bohemia, son of VRATISLAV I Duke of the Bohemian s & his wife Drahomira ze Stodor ([908/10]-15 Jul [967]). The ''Chroni ca Boemorum'' names "Wincezlaum… et Bolezlaum" sons of Wratislav an d Dragomir [''Cosmæ Pragensis Chronica Boemorum'' I.15, MGH SS IX, p . 45]. His birth date range is estimated from the birth date of his se cond son and the estimated birth date of Boleslav's older brother. "Bo lezlav" is named as younger brother of "Vencezlaum" in the Vita Vencez slavi, which specifies that he was "mentis perversitate et actuum qual itate execrandus, diabolico tactu instinctus" [''Gumpoldi Vita Vencezl avi ducis Bohemiæ'' 15, MGH SS IV, p. 210]. He succeeded in 935, afte r murdering his brother, as BOLESLAV I "der Grausame" Duke of the Bohe mians. His accession marked the start of a period of hostile relation s with the empire until Otto I King of Germany forced Duke Boleslav t o pay tribute fourteen years later, and placed him, according to Thiet mar, "in the custody of his brother Heinrich Duke of Bavaria" [Thietma r 2.2, p. 90]. The Bohemians helped King Otto to defeat the Hungarian s at Lechfeld near Augsburg in 955, and afterwards crossed the Carpath ian mountains and occupied Krakow and Silesia [Dzięcioł (1963), p. 3 22]. In 965, Duke Boleslav formed an alliance with Mieszko I Prince o f Poland, confirmed by the marriage of the latter to Boleslav's daught er [Dzięcioł (1963), pp. 130-1]. Duke Boleslav supported the rebelli on of Heinrich II "der Zänker" Duke of Bavaria against his cousin Emp eror Otto II in [974/75]. After the latter confiscated the duke's terr itories, ex-Duke Heinrich fled to Bohemia and took refuge with Duke Bo leslav [Thietmar 3.7, p. 132]. The ''Chronica Boemorum'' records the d eath of Boleslav "967 Id Iul" [''Cosmæ Pragensis Chronica Boemorum' ' I.21, MGH SS IX, p. 48]. The ''Cronica Principum Regni Boemiæ'' rec ords the death in 967 of "Boleslaus Sacuus filius Wratislai" [''Cronic a Principum Regni Boemiæ'', Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p . 428]. m BIAGOTA, daughter of ---. The ''Chronica Boemorum'' names "Z trahquaz" as wife of Boleslav [''Cosmæ Pragensis Chronica Boemorum' ' I.17, MGH SS IX, p. 46]. Duke Boleslav I & his wife had four childre n.