EFL - Enciclopedia delle Famiglie Lombarde

'''Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.''' Dagoberto I (tra il 60 3 e il 608 – Saint Denis, 639) fu un re franco della dinastia dei me rovingi: figlio di Clotario II e della regina Bertetrude, fu dapprim a re di Austrasia (dal 623) e, alla morte del padre (629), di tutt i i Franchi. '''Biografia''' Cedendo alle rivendicazioni autonomist e dell’aristocrazia laica e religiosa di Austrasia, Clotario II lo n ominò re di gran parte di quelle terre (vennero escluse le region i a ovest delle Ardenne e dei Vosgi) nel 623, affiancandogli come cons iglieri Pipino di Landen e Arnolfo di Metz: riuscì comunque prest o a farsi restituire dal padre gran parte delle regioni di cui l’Aus trasia era stata mutilata (eccetto Provenza e Aquitania). Alla mort e del padre (629), divenne unico sovrano di tutti i regni Franchi e fe ce di Parigi la sua capitale: non riconobbe i suoi diritti sul trono d i Neustria del suo fratellastro Cariberto II, a cui venne invece conse gnato il neo-costituito regno di Aquitania, comprendente le città d i Tolosa, Agen, Cahors, Saintes e Périgueux. Fece del suo uno dei re gni più potenti del tempo, impegnandosi per il consolidamento dell’ autorità monarchica all'interno del regno (nel 638 domò i Vasconi ri belli e completò l’assoggettamento dei Bretoni) e nella riorganizza zione giudiziaria, finanziaria, religiosa e commerciale dello stato. R iuscì in questo grazie anche alla collaborazione di alcuni funzionar i della sua corte: il vescovo Desiderio di Chaors (tesoriere), il vesc ovo Audoeno di Rouen (referendario), il vescovo Eligio di Noyon (monet iere e poi tesoriere), tutti canonizzati dopo la loro morte. Alla mor te di Cariberto II (632), Dagoberto fece uccidere il di lui figlio Chi lperico e riprese i territori che aveva concesso al fratello: nello st esso anno fu però costretto a cedere alle pressioni degli Austrasian i concedendo loro nuovamente l’indipendenza e nominando loro re il s uo primogenito, Sigeberto III, sotto la custodia del vescovo Cunibert o di Colonia (Sigeberto non aveva neanche tre anni). Curò anche le r elazioni diplomatiche con l’impero Bizantino di Eraclio, il regno de i Longobardi e con i Sassoni: si servì dell’alleanza con loro per c ontrastare l’avanzata delle popolazioni slave (quelle che i franch i chiamavano "Vendi"), organizzatesi nel Regno di Samo e che premevan o anche sul confine orientale del regno (furono numerose le loro incur sioni tra il 632 e il 633). Per difendere meglio i confini, affidò l a Turingia al duca Radulfo che, però, alla morte di Dagoberto, rifiut ò di riconoscere il suo erede (Sigeberto III) e si ribellò scatenand o una guerra da cui uscì vittorioso. Morì nel 639: fu il primo r e a essere sepolto nella basilica di Saint-Denis, che aveva fatto ampl iare e di cui aveva affidato l’arredo all’orafo sant'Eligio (fin o ad allora, il mausoleo dei sovrani Neustriani era la basilica di Sai nt-Germain-des-Prés: da quel momento Saint-Denis, la basilica fondat a da santa Genoveffa presso la tomba del protovescovo parigino san Dio nigi, divenne il luogo di sepoltura più prestigioso di Francia, dov e verranno inumati anche Carlo Martello e Pipino il Breve). Il Regnu m Francorum, il cui processo di dissolvimento col regno di Dagobert o I si era interrotto, si ritrovò nuovamente diviso: l’Austrasia er a già andata a Sigeberto III; Neustria e Borgogna passarono al figli o che Dagoberto aveva avuto da Nantechilde, la sua seconda moglie, Clo doveo II (che aveva solo quattro anni, per cui la reggenza venne eserc itata dalla madre). Dagoberto I è anche l'ispiratore di ''Le bon ro i Dagobert'', una canzone popolare molto in voga a partire dal XVIII s ecolo, che venne prima usata dai rivoluzionari per mettere in ridicol o la monarchia e poi, durante la Restaurazione, per esprimere l'affett o della popolazione per i Borboni. '''From Wikipedia, the free encyc lopedia''' Contemporary effigy of Dagobert from a gold triens minte d at Uzès (1.24g, Monnaie de Paris Father Chlothar II Mother Haldet rude Dagobert I (c. 603 – 19 January 639) was the king of Austrasi a (623–634), king of all the Franks (629–634), and king of Neustri a and Burgundy (629–639). He was the last Merovingian dynast to wiel d any real royal power. Dagobert was the first of the Frankish kings t o be buried in the royal tombs at Saint Denis Basilica. '''Rule in Au strasia''' Dagobert was the eldest son of Chlothar II and Haldetrud e (575–604). Chlothar II had reigned alone over all the Franks sinc e 613. In 623, Chlothar was forced to make Dagobert king of Austrasi a by the nobility of that region, who wanted a king of their own. Whe n Chlothar II granted Austrasia to Dagobert, he initially excluded Als ace, the Vosges, and the Ardennes, but shortly thereafter the Austrasi an nobility forced him to concede these regions to Dagobert. The rul e of a Frank from the Austrasian heartland tied Alsace more closely t o the Austrasian court. Dagobert created a new duchy (the later Duch y of Alsace) in southwest Austrasia to guard the region from Burgundia n or Alemannic encroachments and ambitions. The duchy comprised the Vo sges, the Burgundian Gate, and the Transjura. Dagobert made his courti er Gundoin the first duke of this new polity that was to last until th e end of the Merovingian dynasty. '''United rule''' On the death o f his father in 629, Dagobert inherited the Neustrian and Burgundian k ingdoms. His half-brother Charibert, son of Sichilde, claimed Neustri a but Dagobert opposed him. Brodulf, the brother of Sichilde, petition ed Dagobert on behalf of his young nephew, but Dagobert assassinated h im and gave his younger sibling Aquitaine. Charibert died in 632 an d his son Chilperic was assassinated on Dagobert's orders. By 632, Dag obert had Burgundy and Aquitaine firmly under his rule, becoming the m ost powerful Merovingian king in many years and the most respected rul er in the West. In 631, Dagobert led three armies against Samo, the r ulers of the Slavs, but his Austrasian forces were defeated at Wogasti sburg. '''Rule in Neustria, from Paris''' Also in 632, the nobles o f Austrasia revolted under the mayor of the palace, Pepin of Landen. I n 634, Dagobert appeased the rebellious nobles by putting his three-ye ar-old son, Sigebert III, on the throne, thereby ceding royal power i n the easternmost of his realms, just as his father had done for him e leven years earlier. As king, Dagobert made Paris his capital. Durin g his reign, he built the Altes Schloss in Meersburg (in modern German y), which today is the oldest inhabited castle in that country. Devout ly religious, Dagobert was also responsible for the construction of th e Saint Denis Basilica, at the site of a Benedictine monastery in Pari s. Dagobert died in the abbey of Saint-Denis and was the first Franki sh king to be buried in the Saint Denis Basilica, Paris. '''Legacy'' ' Dagobert's tomb at Saint-Denis, remade in the thirteenth centuryTh e pattern of division and assassination which characterise even the st rong king Dagobert's reign continued for the next century until Pepi n the Short finally deposed the last Merovingian king in 751, establis hing the Carolingian dynasty. The Merovingian boy-kings remained ineff ective rulers who inherited the throne as young children and lived onl y long enough to produce a male heir or two, while real power lay in t he hands of the noble families who exercised feudal control over mos t of the land. Dagobert was immortalized in the song ''Le bon roi Dag obert'' (The Good King Dagobert), a nursery rhyme featuring exchange s between the king and his chief adviser, Saint Eligius (Eloi in Frenc h). The satirical rhymes place Dagobert in various ridiculous position s from which Eligius' good advice manages to extract him. The text, wh ich probably originated in the 18th century, became extremely popula r as an expression of the anti-monarchist sentiment of the French Revo lution. Other than placing Dagobert and Eligius in their respective ro les, it has no historical accuracy. In 1984, a 112-minute long French -Italian comedy, ''Le bon roi Dagobert'' (Good King Dagobert) was made , based on Dagobert I. The movie is surprisingly realistic in showin g the realities of early barbarian France. The soundtrack was compose d by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis. '''Marriage and issue''' Dagober t was a serial monogamist. He married Nanthild and they had the follo wing: Clovis II, who inherited the rest of his kingdom at a young ag e when his father died. Regintrud who married into the Bavarian Agilo lfings, either Theodo, Duke of Bavaria or his son Duke in Salzburg. H e also had a mistress named Ragintrudis (Ragnetrude) and they had th e following: Sigebert III His other wives were: Wulfefundis (Wulfeg unde) Bertechildis (Berthilde) Gomentrude '''http://www.genmarenost rum.com/pagine-lettere/letteral/Lupis/Troyes-Aquitania.html''' (Kin g of Austrasia - 623-632 & King of the Franks - 629-639) * Austrasia 6 03 A.D.; + Seine-St-Denis, Ile-de-France, France, 19 JAN 638/639. Kin g of Austrasia, King of France, Greatest of Merovingian Kings - Dagobe rt I, King des Francs. Born: in 603, son of Clotaire=Chlothar II, Kin g de Soissons and Bertrude, Some sources assert that Dagobert I was bo rn in the year 606. Note - between 623 and 629: Dagobert I became Kin g of Austrasie in 623 and King of the Franks in 629. At the age of abo ut 25 years, Dagobert, son of Clotaire II and of Bertrade, takes ove r the succession without difficulty. He must first determine the fat e of his half-brother Charibert (son of Queen Sichilde), for whom hi s uncle Brodulf wanted to yield at least Neustria. Dagobert does not c imply and purely eliminate his half-brother, but he sends him to Aquit aine by yielding to him the cities of Saintes, Perigeux, Toulouse, Cah ors, Agen and the countryside between Garonne and the Pyrenees whose r esidents had taken advantage of the troubles in the kingdom to ally th emselves with the Basques. Dagobert wins Dijon and also Saint-Jean-de- Losne where he lives for a few days and meets out justice. The day o f his departure from Losne to Chalon, as he bathes before sunrise, h e has Brodulf, Uncles of his half-brother Charibert, assassinated, th e murder being executed by two of Dagobert's sons and the patrician Gu illebaud. In 630, he negotiates a Treaty with the Emperor of Byzantium , Heraclius, a perpetual peace through the intermediary of his envoys , Servais and Paterne. Upon his return to Paris, Dagobert repudiates h is wife Gomatrude, sister of Queen Sichilde, herself married to the de ceased Clotaire II, Dagobert's father. He immediately, in 631, marrie s Nanthilde, a simple housekeeper. The reign of Nantilde lasts onl y a few years. Dagobert surrounds himself with other women, Vulfegonde , then Berthilde, finally Raintrude, an Austrasian, whom he took as co ncubine in the eighth year of his reign. He was skillfully taught an d supported by his Ministers Saint Eloi [who was Dagobert's treasure r and then became Bishop after Dagobert died] and Dadon [alias Saint O uen, who became Bishop of Rouen in 641 and who was instrumental in th e founding of several monasteries including those of Saint-Wandrille , Rebais, and of Jumieges]. He fought the Austrasians and gave them hi s son, Sigebert, as next king at age 3 [in fact the Bishop of Cologn e and a Duke will govern in his name] . With the Austrasian armies an d the support of the Saxons and the Lombards, Dagobert overwhelms th e Wendes [Slavic resident of the area between the Oder, the Elbe and t he superior branch of the Danube] at Wogalisbourg (in Styria, near Gra tz) in 632]. He fought the Gascons, the Slavs and the Saxons. He was t he last direct Merovingien King, he was able to delay the dissolutio n of the Frankish Empire. In December of 638, Dagobert is stricken wit h an intestinal disease in his domaine of Epinay-sur-Seine, and trust s his Mayor of Neustria, Aega, the fate of his wife Nanthilde as wel l as that of his son Clovis II. On 19 January 639, Dagobert has himsel f transported to Saint-Denis, where he dies in one of the buildings ad joing the Basilica. He is the first Monarch of France to have chosen S aint-Denis as the final restiing place. It is there that Saint Denis w as martyred in the third century, along with his companions Saint Rust ique and Saint Eleuthere. In the fifth century, the Gallo-Roman cemete ry was levelled and the basilica built. Married before 626: Gomatrude ; Gomatrude was the first of five wives. Married before 629: Ragnetru d d'Austrasie; Ragnetrud was the third of Dagobert I's five wives. Mar ried before 634: Nantechild. Died: in 639. King of Austrasia 623-63 2 & King of the Franks 629-639 - In 623, Dagobert's father, Chlotar II , King of the Franks, made him king of Austrasia to please the leadin g Austrasian nobles: Mayor of the Palace Pepin I and Saint Arnulf, Bis hop of Metz. When Chlotar died in 629, Dagobert became sole King of th e Franks, and he moved his capital from Austrasia to Paris. Later, Dag obert left the council of Pepin for a more flexible Neustrian Mayor o f the Palace. In 632, he was forced to put his three-year old son Sige bert on the throne of Austrasia as the nobles were in revolt, howeve r Pepin was not made his Mayor of the Palace. The Neustrian nobles the n wished to unite with Burgundy, and so they urged Dagobert to put hi s son Clovis II as king of both those kingdoms, although he was onl y 5 years old and could be easily manipulated by the nobles. When Dago bert died in 639, the nobles of the kingdoms controlled both his sons , now puppet kings.