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Regnante sulla Bulgaria occidentale (976-987/8). '''From Wikipedia, t he free encyclopedia''' Aron (Bulgarian: Арон) was a Bulgarian no ble, brother of Emperor Samuil of Bulgaria and third son of Comita Nik ola, Duke of Sofia. After the fall of the eastern parts of the countr y under Byzantine occupation in 971, he and his three brothers David , Moses and Samuil continued the resistance to the west. They were cal led Comutopuli and ruled the country together, as the rightful heir t o the throne, Boris II and Roman were imprisoned in Constantinople. Th e residence of Aron was Sofia situated on the main road between Consta ntinople and Western Europe. He had to defend the area from enemy inva sions and attack the Byzantine territories in Thrace. Treason and dea th In 976 in the beginning the major campaign against the Byzantine E mpire, the two eldest brothers David and Moses perished but the Bulgar ians achieved great successes including the return of north-eastern Bu lgaria. During that time, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II had to figh t both the Bulgarians and the dangerous rebellion under Bardas Sklero s and he turned the customary means of the Byzntine policy: conspiracy . His attention concentrated to Aron, who was more dangerous at the t ime due to the proximity of his seat to Thrace; and because of his amb ition to rule over Bulgaria alone which made an eventual peace profita ble for both Aron and Basil. The Bulgarian nobel asked for the Emperor 's sister hand and Basil agreed but he tried to deceive Aron and sen t him the wife of one of his nobles and the bishop of Sevast. Howeve r the attempted deceit was revealed and the bishop was killed, but th e negotiations continued nonetheless. In the end Samuil learned of th e secret negotiations and on 14 June 976 Aron together with all of hi s kin were executed in the vicinity of Dupnitsa. Only his eldest son I van Vladislav, who eventually became the last Emperor of the Empire wa s spared due to the vindication of Samuil's son Gavril Radomir. Ironic ally, Ivan Vladislav murdered his saviour 39 years later. However, th ere's also another version about Aaron's origin[1]: • Simeon I of B ulgaria had several daughters and four sons: 1. Michael. 2. Pete r I of Bulgaria (married to an Armenian Irina (Maria)/ Boris, Roman . 3. Ivan (married to an Armenian in Caesarea)/ Moses, Aaron/ John (I van) Vladislav. 4. Benjamin (Bajan). • Comes Nikola had two sons : 1.David. 2.Samuel/ Gabriel (Gavril Radomir) and several other chil dren. Notes ^ Nicholas Adontz. Samuel l'Armenien, Roi des Bulgares. B ruxelles, Palais des academies, 1938. Published also in: Etudes Armeno -Byzantines. Livraria Bertrand. Lisbonne, 1965, Pp. 347-407 Retrieve d from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_of_Bulgaria" http://www.wo rldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/it/Aron_of_Bulgaria Aron (Bulgaro: Арон) e ra un nobile Bulgaro, fratello dell'imperatore Samuil della Bulgari a e terzo figlio di Comita Nikola, Duca di Sofia. Dopo la caduta dell e parti orientali del paese sotto l'occupazione Bizantina nel 971, egl i e i suoi tre fratelli David, Moses e Samuil continuarono la resisten za all'ovest. Vennero denominati Comutopuli e governarono il paese ins ieme, essendo l'erede legittimo al trono, Boris II e Romano incarcerat i a Costantinopoli. La residenza di Aron era Sofia situata sulla strad a principale fra Costantinopoli e l'Europa occidentale. Dovette difend ere la zona dalle invasioni nemiche e attaccare i territori Bizantin i in Tracia. '''Treason e morte''' Nel 976 all'inizio della campagn a principale contro l'Impero Bizantino, i due fratelli più anziani Da vid e Moses erano morti ma i bulgari realizzarono grandi successi comp reso il ritorno della Bulgaria nord-orientale. Durante quel tempo, l'i mperatore Bizantino Basilio II dovette combattere sia i bulgari che l a ribellione pericolosa sotto Bardas Skleros e utilizzò i mezzi consu eti della politica di Bisanzio: la cospirazione. La sua attenzione s i concentrò su Aron, che era allora più pericoloso a causa della pro ssimità della sua sede alla Tracia; e fu a causa della sua eccessiv a ambizione a governare da solo la Bulgaria che fu possibile una pac e finale vantaggiosa sia per Aron che per Basilio. Il Nobile bulgaro c hiese la mano della sorella dell'imperatore e Basilio acconsentì ma p rovò a ingannare Aron e gli mandò la moglie di una dei suoi nobil i e del vescovo di Sevast. Comunque la frode tentata venne scopert a e il vescovo venne ucciso, ma le trattative continuarono ciononostan te. Alla fine Samuil fece delle trattative segrete e il 14 giugno 97 6 Aron insieme a tutta la sua famiglia fu assassinato nelle vicinanz e di Dupnitsa. Soltanto il suo figlio più anziano Ivan Vladislav, ch e finalmente divenne l'ultimo imperatore dell'Impero fu risparmiato, g razie alla rivendicazione del figlio di Samuil Gavril Radomir. Ironica mente, Ivan Vladislav assassinò il suo salvatore 39 anni più tardi . Tuttavia, c'è inoltre un'altra versione circa l'origine del Aaron [1]: • Simeon I della Bulgaria ha avuto parecchi derivati e quattr o figli: 1. Michael. 2. Peter I di il Bulgaria (sposato a arminian o Irina)/Boris (della Maria, romano. 3. Ivan (sposato ad un Armenia n in)/Moses, Aaron/John (Ivan) Vladislav de Cesarea. 4. Benjamin (Baj an). • Viene Nikola ha avuto due figli: 1.David. 2.Samuel/Gabrie l (Gavril Radomir) e parecchi altri bambini. Note ^ Nicholas Adontz . Samuel l'Armenien, DES Bulgares di ROI. Bruxelles, accademie del DE S di Palais, 1938. Pubblicato anche in: Etudes Armeno-Byzantines. Livr aria Bertrand. Lisbonne, 1965, pp. 347-407 http://fmg.ac/projects/me dlands/BULGARIA.htm [AARON (-murdered Ramatanitze 14 Jul [987/88]). Z onaras records that "Bulgaricis quatuor filii, David, Moses, Aaron e t Samuel" encouraged the Bulgarians to revolt against Byzantine contro l [Zonaras II, Liber XVI, XXIII, col. 114]. Cedrenus records that "Dav idus, Moses, Aaron et Samuelis, filii cuiusdam in Bulgaria largiter po tentis comitis" rebelled against Byzantium after the death of Tsar Pet er [Cedrenus II, col. 82]. Aaron´s parentage appears confirmed by Zon aras and Cedrenus, read together with the monumental inscription quote d below which names the father of the brothers Samuil and David. The a ssumption therefore is that Aaron and Moisei were both brothers of Sam uil and David. This is corroborated by Psellos who names "Samuel and h is brother Aaron…" [Mikhael Psellos, ''Chronographia: Sewter'', E. R . A. (trans.) (1966) ''Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, the Chronographia o f Mikhael Psellos'' (Penguin Books) ("Psellos"), p. 110]. On the othe r hand, Adontz suggests that Aaron and Moisei were in fact the sons o f Ivan, brother of Tsar Peter I. Firstly, he cites Yahya of Antioch, a ccording to whom "Aaron appartenait à la race qui avait regné sur l a Bulgarie" [Adontz (1938), p. 44, citing Rosen, Baron V. R. (1883) '' Extraits de la Chronique de Yahya d´Antioche'' (St. Petersburg), p. 5 8]. Secondly, he highlights the omission of Aaron and Moisei from th e inscription on the monument erected by Samuil. He concludes by sugge sting that his hypothesis would explain the rivalry between the two fa milies which resulted in the murders of Aaron by Samuil and of Gavrii l Radomir by Ivan Vladislav. However, he ignores the sources which ind icate a fraternal relationship, Zonaras and Psellos quoted above, as w ell as Lupus Protospatarius who refers to Samuil´s son´s killer as " suo consobrino filio Aronis" [Lupus Protospatarius 1017, MGH SS V, p . 57]. The different sources are therefore contradictory. Detailed spe culation on which hypothesis may be correct does not appear worthwhile . It can, however, be mentioned in passing that a third scenario woul d conform with all the sources: that the four brothers shared the sam e mother, who married firstly Ivan and secondly Nikolaos. This possibi lity is too remote to recast the presentation of the families in thi s document. In conclusion, Aaron is shown in this document in square b rackets to indicate doubt about his parentage. Zonaras records that "q uatuor fratribus Davidi, Mosi, Aaroni et Samueli… qui Comitopoli app ellabantur" defeated the Byzantine forces, adding that "fratrem Aarone m cum omni familia" was killed by Samuil, with the exception of "uno