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Di Rosbrin. Fedele al re Giacomo II, combatté e cadde ad Aughrim. ht tp://maison.omahony.free.fr/Daniel.htm: Parmi les officiers du roi Ja cques II, durant la guerre de la Révolution en Irlande, se trouvaien t plusieurs gentlemen de la famille O’Mahony, incluant deux frères , Dermod et Daniel. Dermod, comme colonel, se distingua à La Boyne, A ughrim et Limerick (où certains disent qu’il fut tué). '''Battl e of Aughrim''' (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Part of the W illiamite War in Ireland Date 23 July [O.S. 12 July] 1691. Location N ear Aughrim, western Ireland (53°17′42″N 8°18′43″W / 5 3.295°N 8.312°W / 53.295; -8.312 Coordinates: 53°17′42″N 8° 18′43″W / 53.295°N 8.312°W / 53.295; -8.312. Result Wi lliamite victory Belligerents: Jacobite army - Irish and French troop s Williamite army - Irish, Dutch, British, Danish and French Hugueno t troops. Commanders: Marquis de St Ruth†, Godert de Ginkell. Streng th: 18,000; 20,000 Casualties and losses: 4000 killed and 3-4000 capt ured or missing 3000 The Battle of Aughrim (Irish: ''Cath Eachroma'' ) was the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland. It was fou ght between the Jacobites and the forces of William III on 12 July 169 1 (old style, equivalent to 23 July new style), near the village of Au ghrim in County Galway. The battle was the bloodiest ever fought on I rish soil – over 7,000 people were killed. It meant the effective en d of Jacobitism in Ireland, although the city of Limerick held out unt il the autumn of 1691. '''The Campaign''' The Jacobite position in t he summer of 1691 was a defensive one.[1] In the previous year, they h ad retreated behind the River Shannon, which acted as an enormous moa t around the province of Connacht, with strongholds at Sligo, Athlon e and Limerick guarding the routes into Connacht. From this position , the Jacobites hoped to receive military aid from Louis XIV of Franc e via the port towns and eventually be in a position to re-take the re st of Ireland. Godert de Ginkell, the Williamite's Dutch general, ha d breached this line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - t aking the town after a bloody siege. The Marquis de St Ruth (General C harles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general moved too slowly to sav e Athlone, as he had to gather his troops from their quarters and rais e new ones from rapparee bands and the levies of Irish landowners. Gin kel marched through Ballinasloe, on the main road towards Limerick an d Galway, before he found his way blocked by St Ruth’s army at Aughr im on the 12th of July 1691. Both armies were about 20,000 men strong . The soldiers of St Ruth’s army were mostly Irish Catholic, while G inkel's were English, Scottish, Danish, Dutch and French Huguenot (mem bers of William III’s League of Augsburg) and Ulster Protestants. T he Jacobite position at Aughrim was quite strong. St Ruth had drawn u p his infantry along the crest of a ridge known as Kicommadan Hill. Th e hill was lined with small stone walls and hedgerows which marked th e boundaries of farmer’s fields, but which could also be improved an d then used as earthworks for the Jacobite infantry to shelter behind . The left of the position was bounded by a bog, through which there w as only one causeway, which was overlooked by Aughrim village and a ru ined castle. On the other, open, flank, St Ruth placed his best infant ry and most of his cavalry under Patrick Sarsfield. '''The battle'' ' The battle started with Ginkel trying to assault the open flank o f the Jacobite position with cavalry and infantry. This attack groun d to a halt after determined Jacobite counter-attacks and the Williami tes halted and dug in behind stakes driven into the ground to protec t against cavalry. The French Huguenot forces committed here found the mselves in low ground exposed to Jacobite fire and took a great numbe r of casualties. Contemporaneous accounts speak of the grass being sli ppery with blood. To this day, this area on the south flank of the bat tle is known locally as the "Bloody Hollow".[2] In the centre, the Wil liamite infantry under Hugh Mackay tried a frontal assault on the Jaco bite infantry on Kilcommadan Hill. The Williamite troops, mainly Engli sh and Scots, had to take each line of trenches, only to find that th e Irish had fallen back and were firing at them from the next line. Th e Williamite infantry attempted three assaults, the first reached th e furthest. Eventually, the final Williamite assault was driven back w ith heavy losses by cavalry and pursued into the bog, where more of th em were killed or drowned. In the rout, the pursuing Jacobites manag e to spike a battery of Williamite guns. This left Ginkel with only o ne option, to try to force a way through the causeway on the Jacobit e left. This should have been an impregnable position, with the attack ers concentrated into a narrow lane and covered by the defenders of th e castle there. However, the Irish troops there were short on ammuniti on. Mackay directed this fourth assault, consisting mainly of cavalry , in two groups - one along the causeway and one parallel to the south . The Jacobites stalled this attack with heavy fire from the castle, b ut then found that their reserve ammunition, which was British made, w ould not fit into the muzzles of their French supplied muskets. The Wi lliamites then charged again with a reasonably fresh regiment of Anglo -Dutch cavalry under Henri de Massue, faced with only weak musket fir e they crossed the causeway and reached Aughrim village with few casua lties. A force of Jacobite cavalry under Henry Luttrell was held in re serve to cover this flank. However rather than counterattacking at thi s point, their commander ordered them to withdraw, following a route n ow known locally as "Luttrell's pass". Henry Luttrell was alleged to h ave been in the pay of the Williamites and was assassinated in Dubli n after the war. The General Marquis de St Ruth after the third infan try rush on the Williamite position up to their cannons, appeared to b elieve that the battle could be won and was heard to shout, "they ar e running, we will chase them back to the gates of Dublin". However, a s he tried to rally his cavalry on the left to counter-attack and driv e the Williamite horse back, he was decapitated by a cannon ball. At t his point, the Jacobite position collapsed very quickly. Their horseme n, demoralised by the death of their commander, fled the battlefield , leaving the left flank open for the Williamites to funnel more troop s into and envelope the Jacobite line. The Jacobites on the right, see ing the situation was hopeless, also began to melt away, although Sars field did try to organise a rearguard action. This left the Jacobite i nfantry on Killcommadan Hill completely exposed and surrounded. They w ere slaughtered by the Williamite cavalry as they tried to get away, m any of them having thrown away their weapons in order to run faster. O ne eyewitness, George Storey, said that bodies covered the Hill, and l ooked from a distance like a flock of sheep. '''Aftermath''' Estimat es of the two armies' losses vary. It is generally agreed that about 7 000 men were killed at the battle. Some recent studies put the William ite dead as high as 3000, with 4000 Jacobites killed. However the Will iamite death toll released by them at the time was only 600. Many of t he Jacobite dead were officers, who were very difficult to replace. O n top of that, another 4000 Jacobites either deserted or were taken pr isoner. What was more, they had lost the better part of their equipmen t and supplies. For these reasons, Aughrim was the decisive battle o f the Williamite war in Ireland. The city of Galway surrendered withou t a fight after the battle and the Jacobite's main army surrendered sh ortly afterwards at Limerick after a short siege. The battle accordin g to one author, "seared into Irish consciousness", and became known i n the Irish language tradition as Eachdhroim an áir - "Aughrim of th e slaughter". The contemporary Gaelic poet Séamas Dall Mac Cuarta wro te of the Irish dead, "It is at Aughrim of the slaughter where they ar e to found, their damp bones lying uncoffined". Another poet wrote, "O ur friends in vast numbers and languishing forms, left lifeless in th e mountains and corroded by worms". Since it marked the end of the Ir ish Catholic Jacobite resistance, Aughrim was the focus of Loyalist (p articularly Orange Order) celebrations in Ireland on the 12th of Jul y up until the early 19th century. Thereafter, it was superseded by th e Battle of the Boyne in commemorations on "the Twelfth" due to the sw itch to the Gregorian calendar (in which 1 July OS became 12 July NS a nd 12 July OS became 23 July NS). It has also been suggested[who?] tha t the Boyne was preferred because the Irish troops there were more eas ily presented as cowardly, whereas at Aughrim they generally fought br avely. The Aughrim battlefield site became the subject of controvers y in Ireland over plans to build a new dual carriageway the N6 road, t hrough the former battlefield. Historians, environmentalists and membe rs of the Orange Order objected to the destruction of the 1691 battlef ield. '''References''' Histoire de l'Irlande ancienne et moderne: ti rée des monumens les ..., Volume 3 Par Mac-Geoghegan (James, abbé) p p 743-747 tr. The History of Ireland, Ancient and Modern, Taken From t he Most Authentic Records, and Dedicated to the Irish Brigade. by th e Abbe Mac-Geoghegan. Tr. From the French by Patrick O'Kelly. ISBN 13 : 9781425566388 ISBN 10: 1425566383 Historic map of the site at Ordna nce Survey of Ireland '''Sources''' Piers Waudchope, ''Patrick Sarsf ield and the Williamite War'', Dublin 1992. J.G. Simms, ''Jacobite Ir eland'', London 1969. G.A., Hayes McCoy, ''Irish Battles'', Belfast 1 990. Eamonn O Ciardha, ''Ireland and the Jacobite cause - a Fatal Att achment'', Dublin 2002.