EFL - Enciclopedia delle Famiglie Lombarde

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm EMMA ([985]-Winchester 1 4 Mar 1052, bur Winchester Cathedral). Guillaume de Poitou names “ge nitrix Emma filia Ricardi primi, genitor Ædelredus rex Anglorum” a s parents of “Edwardus ac Alveradus” [1]. Guillaume of Jumièges n ames “Emma... secunda Hadvis... tertia Mathildis” as the three dau ghters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosap ia ortam”, adding that Emma married “Edelredo regi Anglorum” b y whom she was mother of “rex Edwardum et Alvredum” [2]. The Chron icle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Emma Anglorum regina" as sis ter of "dux Normannie Richardus II" [3]. Emma was described by Henry o f Huntingdon as "Emma Normanorum gemma" [4], although it is not know n whether this was a particular indication of her beauty or mere hyper bole. She was known as ÆLFGIFU in England [5]. Her first husband sen t her to her brother's court in Normandy in 1013 after the invasion o f Svend King of Denmark [6]. She was living in Normandy in 1017 when K ing Æthelred's successor King Canute proposed marriage to her. Guilla ume of Jumièges records that, after the death of “Edelredus rex” , “Emmam reginam” married “rex... Chunutus... Christiano more” , and names their children “Hardechunutum postmodum regem Danorum e t filiam... Gunnildem quæ nupsit Henrico Romanorum Imperatori” [7] . Roger of Wendover records the marriage in Jul 1018 of "Cnuto" and "d ucem Ricardum… Emmam sororem suam et regis Ethelredi relictam" [8] . After the death of her second husband, she continued to live at Winc hester. After the election of her step-son as regent in early 1036, i t was recognised that she would continue to live there to look after t he interests of her son Harthacnut who had nominally succeeded his fat her as King of England and Denmark but was still absent in Denmark. I t is likely that she encouraged her sons by her first husband, Edwar d and Alfred, to join her, Alfred being captured and murdered during t he visit. After Harold was recognised as king of England in 1037, Quee n Emma was expelled and took refuge at Bruges [9]. She commissioned th e Encomium Emmæ Reginæ from a Flemish convent at Saint-Omer, maybe S t Bertin's, designed to promote her son Harthacnut's claim to the Engl ish throne. Harthacnut joined her in Bruges in early 1040, and after t he death of King Harold, they returned together to England. After th e accession of Edward "the Confessor", her son by her first husband, E mma appears to have supported the rival claim of Magnus King of Norwa y [10]. Whatever the truth of this, King Edward did confiscate her pro perty in 1043 according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [11]. She seems t o have spent the last years of her life in retirement in Winchester [1 2]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of "Ælfgifu Emma, th e mother of king Edward and of king Harthacnut" in 1052 [13]. m firstl y (betrothed 1000, 1002 [14]) as his [second/third] wife, ÆTHELRED I I King of England. [1] ''Gesta Guillelmi Ducis Normannorum et Regis A nglorum a Guillelmo Pictavensi'', Du Chesne, A. (1619) ''Historiæ Nor mannorum Scriptores Antiqui'' (Paris) (“Gesta a Guillelmo Pictavens i (Du Chesne, 1619)”), p. 178. [2] ''Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ '' (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber IV, XVIII, p. 247. [3] ''Chronica Albric i Monachi Trium Fontium'' 1026, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783. [4] Greenway, D . (2002) ''Henry of Huntingdon: The History of the English People 1000 -1154'' (Oxford University Press), II, 2, p. 7. [5] Garmonsway, G. N . (trans) (1972) ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' (Dent), F, 1013 and 101 7. [6] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, E, 1013. [7] ''Willelmi Gemmetencis Hi storiæ'' (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber V, IX, p. 253. [8] Coxe, H. O. (ed .) (1841) ''Rogeri de Wendover Chronica sive Flores historiarum'' (Lon don) ("Roger of Wendover"), Vol. I, p. 463. [9] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , E and F, 1037. [10] Barlow (1983), pp. 51-6. [11] Anglo-Saxon Chro nicle, C and D, 1043, and E, 1042 [1043]. [12] Stafford, P. 'Emma: Th e Powers of the Queen in the Eleventh Century', Duggan, A. (ed.) (1997 ) ''Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe'' (The Boydell Press), p . 6. [13] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E, 1052. [14] Henry of Huntingdon, I I, 1 and 2, pp. 6 and 7. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20 AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm EMMA de Normandie, daughter of RI CHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte de Normandie & his second wife Gunnora --- ( [985]-Winchester 14 Mar 1052, bur Winchester Cathedral, Old Minster [1 ]). Guillaume de Jumièges names Emma as one of the three daughters o f Duke Richard and Gunnor [2]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fonta ines names "Emma Anglorum regina" as sister of "dux Normannie Richardu s II" [3]. Emma was described by Henry of Huntingdon as "Emma Normanor um gemma" [4], although it is not known whether this was a particula r indication of her beauty or mere hyperbole. She adopted the name "Æ LFGIFU" in England [5]. "Ælfgifu regina" subscribed charters of Kin g Æthelred II between 1002 and 1012, also referred to as "Ælfgifu co nlaterana regis" [6]. Her first husband sent her to her brother's cour t in Normandy in 1013 after the invasion of Svend King of Denmark [7] . She was living in Normandy in 1017 when King Æthelred's successor K ing Canute proposed marriage to her. She married King Canute as her se cond husband (2 or 31 Jul 1017). Roger of Wendover records the marriag e in Jul 1018 of "Cnuto" and "ducem Ricardum… Emmam sororem suam e t regis Ethelredi relictam" [8]. After the death of her second husband , she continued to live at Winchester. After the election of her step- son as regent in early 1036, it was recognised that she would continu e to live there to look after the interests of her son Harthacnut (the n absent in Denmark), who had nominally succeeded his father as King o f England and Denmark. It is likely that she encouraged her sons by he r first husband, Edward and Alfred, to join her. After Harold was reco gnised as King of England in 1037, Queen Emma was expelled from Englan d and took refuge at Bruges [9]. She commissioned the work later know n as the ''Encomium Emmæ Reginæ'' from a Flemish convent at Saint-Om er, maybe St Bertin's, designed to promote her son Harthacnut's clai m to the English throne. Harthacnut joined her in Bruges in early 1040 , and after the death of King Harold, they returned together to Englan d. After the accession of Edward "the Confessor" to the English throne , Emma appears to have supported the rival claim of Magnus King of Nor way [10]. Whatever the truth of this, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle record s that King Edward did confiscate her property in 1043 [11]. She seem s to have spent the last years of her life in retirement in Wincheste r [12]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of "Ælfgifu Emma , the mother of king Edward and of king Harthacnut" in 1052 [13]. [1 ] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, C, 1051. [2] Guizot, M. (ed.) (1826) ''Histo ire des ducs de Normandie, par Guillaume de Jumiège'' (Paris) (“WJ